References——Websites for Ozone

To Alphabetical listing of topics

Topics by Chapter:

CFCs

• http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~martins/isohydro/cfcs.html On CFCs
• http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/noah/publictn/elkins/cfcs.html On CFCs
• http://www.ciesin.org/TG/OZ/prodcfcs.html Production & Users of CFCs
• http://www.ciesin.org/docs/011-423/011-423.html Production, Sales and Atmospheric Release of FLUOROCARBONS through 1992
• http://cs.clark.edu/~mac/physlets/GlobalPollution/chloroflourocarbons.htm CFC-12 concentration
• http://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/packets/sp98/om_5.pdf A short CFC-12 history lesson
• http://www.ccpo.odu.edu/SEES/ozone/class/Chap_10/10_4.htm Sources of Cl, Br, ClOx, AND BrOx

Substitutes for CFCs

• http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/

ODS

• http://www.eco-usa.net/toxics/ccl4.shtml Carbon Tetrachloride
• http://www.epa.gov/ozone/mbr/ Methyl Bromide
• http://www.epa.gov/ozone/ods.html ODSs
• http://tis.eh.doe.gov/oepa/guidance/ozone/odssum.pdf ODSs

Uses of CFCs

• http://www.polystyrene.org/index.html Polystyrene uses
• http://www.sbt.siemens.com/customerlounge/help/help.01.htm CFCs as a refrigerant
• http://heritage.dupont.com/ History of DuPont Chemicals
• http://www.sun-herald.com/2000/fron19.htm Air conditioning timeline
• http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/story057.htm The Refrigerator
• http://inventors.about.com/science/inventors/library/inventors/blplastic.htm History of Plastic
• http://www.acsh.org/press/editorials/drycleaning021700.html Dry Cleaning
• http://www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC/drycleaning/ Dry Cleaning
• http://www.ciesin.org/docs/011-463/011-463.html Global Warming Potential of CFCs

Chemistry of Ozone

• http://www.molecules.org/experiments/Bush/Bush.html Dioxygen and Ozone: Simple Little Molecules?
• http://www.osmonics.com/products/Page965.htm A Discussion on Ozone Chemistry
• http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/ozone/ozone.html Ozone Chemistry
• http://www.ucar.edu/research/tools/chemistry.shtml Atmospheric Chemistry and the Earth System
• http://rgranger.chem.sbc.edu/chem005/Chapter2.htm Dioxygen and Ozone structure and properties
• http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/people/loic/chemistry.html Methane and Carbon Monoxide in the Troposphere

Environmental and Health Effects of Ozone Effects of Ozone

• http://www.aqmd.gov/forstudents/ Health and Smog
• http://healthandenergy.com/ozone_damages_plants.htm Ozone inhibits plants' ability to breathe
• http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/pp/notes/Ozone/ozone.html Effects of Ozone Air Pollution on Plants
• http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/Aug00/APS.Ozone.bpf.html Effects of ozone pollution threaten agricultural production
• http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/bi/1998/stomata/ Stomata: Microscopic Openings That Let Plants “Breathe”
• http://www.bikepro.com/products/tires/tireover.html Overview of Rubber
• http://www.lib.utah.edu/epubs/undergrad/vol8/lunsford.html Degradation of Natural Rubber
• http://www.state.ma.us/dep/bwp/daqc/files/ozonefaq.htm What Everyone Needs to Know About Ozone
• http://www.epa.gov/airnow/health/ Smog-Who Does It Hurt?
• http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/ozonegen.html Problems with Ozone Generators
• http://www.airpurifiers.com/Ozone.htm Problems with Ozone Generators
• http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2000/01/alpine2.htm Problems with Ozone Generators
• http://www.filterfactory.com/purifiers/ Advertisement for Ozone Generators

Environmental and Health Effects of UV

• http://www.ciesin.org/TG/OZ/o3depl.html Effect of UV on plants, animals, and atmosphere
• http://dermatology.cdlib.org/DOJvol6num1/original/sunscreens/kinney.html UV Index
• http://www.steamandsauna.com/clinical_study.htm Importance of Infrared Light on Health
• http://www.epa.gov/sunwise/kids.html Sun Protection and Kids
• http://www.epa.gov/reg3esd1/childhealth/ch5b.pdf Sun Protection for Children of Color
• http://www.ciesin.org/TG/HH/ozover.html Health, UV, and Ozone Depletion
• http://www.ciesin.org/TG/HH/ozskin1.html Melanoma, UV, and Ozone Depletion
• http://www.epa.gov/sunwise/uvandhealth.html Health and Overexposure to Sun
• http://www.biorap.org/tg/tgcancerdirt.html Teacher's Guide to Cancer
• http://www.dceg.cancer.gov/atlas/text2/full_txt.html Atlas of Cancer Mortality in the United States: 1950-94
• http://www.rerf.or.jp/eigo/radefx/late/site.htm Cancer Mortality Risk
• http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n11/ffull/jlt0915-6.html Increasing Risk of Melanoma With Increasing Age
• http://www.skinsite.com/info_melanoma.htm Melanoma
• http://www.skinsite.com/info_squamous_cell_carcinoma.htm Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• http://www.skinsite.com/info_actinic_keratosis.htm Solar Keratosis
• http://www.skinsite.com/info_moles.htm Moles
• http://www3.utsouthwestern.edu/library/consumer/cataract.htm Preventing Cataracts

Evolution of the Atmosphere

• http://www.news.utoronto.ca/bin6/051012-1691.asp Life on Other Worlds
• http://www.theory-of-evolution.org/Main/chap8/earth_atmosphere-0.htm Earth’'s early atmosphere
• http://www.geo.utep.edu/pub/miller/Courses/3102_Miller/Lectures/Lecture_14.html Atmosphere, Oceans, And Life In The Precambrian
• http://earth.usc.edu/~stott/Catalina/Earlyatmosphere.html Earth’'s Earliest Atmosphere and Climate
• http://earth.usc.edu/~stott/Catalina/Precambrian.html Precambrian Climate-Earth's Early Environment
• http://zebu.uoregon.edu/internet/l2.html How did the Earth Get to Look Like This?
• http://www.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/07/13/fossil.air.enn/ Earth's ancient atmosphere trapped in rocks

Layers of the Atmosphere

• http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Atmosphere.shtml Earth’'s atmosphere
• http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/earth/atmosphere.html Earth’'s atmosphere

Monitoring Stratospheric Ozone——General

• http://www.albany.edu/faculty/rgk/atm101/ozmeas.htm#dobson Measuring Ozone
• http://www.gbhap.com/fulltext/free/T960002F130.htm Trends in Global Ozone since 1995
• http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/polar/polar.shtml Meteorological conditions and ozone in the polar stratosphere
• http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/Public/Ground_based/Ground_based.html Ground-based Instruments

Monitoring Stratospheric Ozone——Aircraft

• http://uav.wff.nasa.gov/ Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Monitoring Stratospheric Ozone——Gas Chromatography

• http://www.raybestosproducts.com/html/raybestos_gas_chromatograph.html Gas Chromatograph

Monitoring Stratospheric Ozone——Dobson Spectrophotometer

• http://www.aero.jussieu.fr/~sparc/SPARCReport1/1.07_Umkehr/1.07_Umkehr.html Dobson Spectrophotometer
• http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ozwv/dobson/ Dobson Spectrophotometer
• http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/dobson.html Dobson Unit

Monitoring Stratospheric Ozone——Lidar

• http://code916.gsfc.nasa.gov/Public/Ground_based/Lidar/lidar_intro.html Intro to Lidar
• http://pcl.physics.uwo.ca/pclhtml/introlidar/introlidarf.html Intro to Lidar
• http://www.etl.noaa.gov/et2/instruments/wv_dial/DIAL_lidar.html Lidar Primer
• http://oea.larc.nasa.gov/PAIS/DIAL.html Intro to Lidar
• http://code916.gsfc.nasa.gov/Public/Ground_based/Lidar/stroz_lite.html Stratospheric Ozone Lidar Trailer Experiment
• http://www.cfr.msstate.edu/forestry/SITL/research/lidar/compare.htm Comparison of LIDAR and field measurements
• http://aolab.phys.dal.ca/pages/LidarBasics Basics of Lidar
• http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/urban/products/urbanp0003.htm Airborne Lidar

Monitoring Stratospheric Ozone——Ozonesonde

• http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/action/ozonesonde.htm Ozonesonde
• http://www.aero.jussieu.fr/~sparc/SPARCReport1/1.08_O3sondes/1.08_O3sondes.html Ozonesonde
• http://www.kfa-juelich.de/icg/icg2/forschung/Josie/Josie2000/Josie2000Overview.html Comparison of Ozonesondes
• http://www.aos.wisc.edu/~hopkins/aos100/wxi-raob.htm Radiosondes
• http://www.ua.nws.noaa.gov/reqdahdr.htm History of Upper-air Observations
• http://www.csulb.edu/~mbrenner/history.htm History of Pilot Balloons
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/balloon/science/history.html History of Ballooning
• http://balloonzone.com/history.html History of Ballooning
• http://messel.emse.fr/~tdaurat/montgolf/haballoon.html History of Ballooning
• http://www.eab.fr/eleves/Primaire/Anglais/site%20balloonmania/bal23.html History of Ballooning
• http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blairship.htm?once=true& History of Airships
• http://www.ttkool.ut.ee/aef/dirigibles.html History of Airships
• http://www.balloonhq.com/faq/history.html History of Balloons
• http://www.aka.org.au/kites_in_the_classroom/history.htm History of Kites

Monitoring Stratospheric Ozone——Rocketsonde

• http://rscience.gsfc.nasa.gov/ NASA’'s Sounding Rocket Program

Monitoring Stratospheric Ozone——Satellites

• http://www.meteor.iastate.edu/gcp/satellite/satellite_lecture.html Overview of Satellites
• http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/service/gallery/fact_sheets/earthsci/ozonestu.htm NASA satellites that measure ozone
• http://www.earth.nasa.gov/history/tiros/tiros.html History of TIROS
• http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik/ History of Sputnik

Monitoring Stratospheric Ozone—— Space Shuttle

Monitoring Stratospheric Ozone—— UV

• http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/star/arcticuv2.html Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation Monitoring and Research in Alaska
• http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/star/uvb.html Broadband UV
• http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/star/uv.html Ultraviolet Spectroradiometer Measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii.
• http://www.gcrio.org/UNEP1998/UNEP98p7.html Measurements of UV Radiation
• http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/star/starmeas.html#bd Radiance terms
• http://www2.nature.nps.gov/ard/prime/index.htm Measuring UV in National Parks
• http://ozono.dcsc.utfsm.cl/publica1.html Measuring UV in South America

Monitoring Tropospheric Ozone

• http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/pams/ EPA’'s PAMS
• http://www.epa.gov/air/oaqps/pams/general.html EPA’'s PAMS
• http://www.etl.noaa.gov/et2/aca/ozone/ Measuring Ozone Pollution
• http://www.nsstc.uah.edu/atmchem/pub/fulltext/r1996/r1996_3723-3726GRLvol23/content.html Measuring Ozone Pollution in the Tropics
• http://reports.eea.eu.int/TOP08-98/en/page004.html Measuring Ozone Pollution in Europe

Recovery of Stratospheric Ozone

• http://www.redicontrols.com/PDF_files/News_RSES_Article_fundamentals_of_recovery.pdf Implementation Issues - Fundamentals of Refrigerant Recovery
• http://www.epa.gov/oar/epa450.txt Ways to reduce air pollution

Innovations

• http://www.commodore.com/technologies/set_treatment_halons.htm Ways to destroy CFCs by Commodore Applied Technologies, Inc
• http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1996/104-5/forum.html Rhubarb and destroying CFCs
• http://www.aist.go.jp/NIRE/eco_tec_e/taisaku_e.htm Various new techniques for a cleaner environment
• http://www.epa.state.il.us/small-business/automotive-repair-shops/ Reducing emissions from auto repair and auto body shops
• http://www.unfccc.de/program/wam/wamsub025.html Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
• http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/emissions/index.html Substitutes for ODSs
• http://www.cem.msu.edu/~cem181h/projects/96/cfc/ Substitutes for ODSs
• http://people.ac.upc.es/montse/gf_eng.html New refrigerator design
• http://research.unc.edu/endeavors/win98/chemmain.html Advances in dry cleaning
• http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/index.html Consumer Energy Center http://www.pprc.org/pprc/pubs/topics/altfuels.html Alternative Fuels
• http://www.epa.gov/otaq/eparfg.pdf Reformulated Gasoline
• http://www.nap.edu/books/0309064457/html/R13.html Reformulated Gasoline
• http://www.sae.org/ohmag/techinnovations_12-99/05.htm Cleaner Diesel
• http://www.sae.org/ohmag/techinnovations_06-00/08.htm Cleaner 2-stroke Engines
• http://www.maricopa.gov/sbeap/eer_s/eersopt7.htm Cleaner Cars

Stratospheric Ozone

• http://www.uark.edu/depts/physics/about/hobson/pubs/Pub5.pdf The Parable of Ozone
• http://www.al.noaa.gov/WWWHD/pubdocs/assessment98.html WMO/UNEP Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998
• http://www.ccpo.odu.edu/SEES/ozone/oz_class.htm Detailed overview of Ozone
• http://www.nerc-bas.ac.uk/public/icd/jds/ozone/index.html Detailed overview of Ozone
• http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/ Detailed overview of Ozone
• http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/ Detailed overview of Ozone
• http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/gooduphigh/ Detailed overview of Ozone
• http://atmos.jpl.nasa.gov/science.htm Detailed overview of Ozone
• http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/Ozone/ Detailed overview of Ozone
• http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/ Detailed overview of Ozone
• http://www.albany.edu/faculty/rgk/atm101/ozone.htm#form Overview of Ozone
• http://www.jmu.edu/safetyplan/facilmgmt/ozone/depletionglossary.shtml Overview of Ozone
• http://exchanges.state.gov/forum/journal/env8appendix.htm Overview of Ozone
• http://atmos.jpl.nasa.gov/milestones.htm History of Events involving Ozone
• http://www.albany.edu/faculty/rgk/atm101/o3histor.htm Timeline of Events involving Ozone
• http://www.epa.gov/ozone/ Links for many aspects of Ozone
• http://www.ec.gc.ca/ozone/indexe.htm Environment Canada’'s Stratospheric Ozone website

Trends

• http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/seminars/000714FO.html Recent Ozone Observations
• http://ecoinfo.org/env_ind/region/ozone/ozone_e.cfm Recent Ozone Observations
• http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/press/2000/pr0504en.html Recent Ozone Observations
• http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/earth/atmos/ozone.htm Recent Ozone Observations
• http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/earth/environ/ozone/ozone.htm Recent Ozone Observations
• http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/MET/Neumayer/ozone.html Ozone Observations
• http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/data/antarctic.htm Ozone Observations
• http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ozwv/ozsondes/spo/spmin.html Ozone Observations
• http://www.al.noaa.gov/WWWHD/pubdocs/StratO3.html Ozone Depletion
• http://www.ciesin.org/docs/011-466/011-466.html Ozone Depletion
• http://www.gbhap.com/fulltext/free/T960002F130.htm Ozone Depletion
• http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/polar/polar.html Ozone Depletion
• http://www.epa.gov/docs/ozone/science/ Ozone Depletion
• http://www.nilu.no/projects/cozuv/problem.html Ozone Depletion

Thomas Midgley

• http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi684.htm
• http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blgasoline.htm?once=true&
• http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Lane/8771/ethyl.html
• http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfreon.htm?once=true&
• http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrefrigerator.htm?once=true&
• http://www.tlchm.bris.ac.uk/motm/leadtet/leadc.htm
• http://www.sci-ctr.edu.sg/ScienceNet/cat_engineer/cat_mec03458.html

Treaties: Global and U.S.

• http://ozone.unep.org/United Nations Environment Programme-Ozone page
• http://ncseonline.org/NLE/CRS/abstract.cfm?NLEid=1038 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: Regulatory Issues
• http://www.epa.gov/Ozone/intpol/index.html International Ozone Protection Policy
• http://www.unep.ch/ozone/Handbook2000.shtml Handbook for the International Treaties for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
• http://sedac.ciesin.org/entri/guides/sec3-ozone.html Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: Treaties, Environmental Indicators, and National Responses
• http://www.ametsoc.org/AMS/sloan/cleanair/index.html History of the Clean Air Act
• http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/ EPA's updated Clean Air Standards
• http://www.rppi.org/environment/ps224.html Rethinking EPA's Ozone Standards
• http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/eparules.html Implementation of EPA's Standards

Tropospheric Ozone

• http://www.al.noaa.gov/WWWHD/pubdocs/assessment98.html WMO/UNEP Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998
• http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/gooduphigh/ Detailed overview of Ozone
• http://www.albany.edu/faculty/rgk/atm101/ozone.htm#form Overview of Ozone
• http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter17/index.html Basics of Smog
• http://www.epa.gov/air/visibility/ Haze
• http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/ozone/today_v8.html Ozone Mapping System
• http://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.showmap&pollutant=OZONE Ozone Maps of US
• http://www.state.ma.us/dep/bwp/ozone/dailyoz.htm Ozone Forecasts for US
• http://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.national EPA’'s Air Quality Index
• http://www.epa.gov/airnow/ EPA’'s AirNow
• http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/reg13n1-chilton.html Smog Control
• http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dar/beim/factsht1.html Smog Control and Your Car
• http://www.nsc.org/ehc/mobile/mse_fs.htm Smog Control and Your Car
• http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/trends/trends98/trends98.pdf EPA’'s Air Pollution Trends 1990-98
• http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/cd/factsheets/smog/page2_e.cfm Smog in Canada
• http://www-as.harvard.edu/chemistry/trop/publications/logan1998a.pdf Ozonesonde data in the troposphere
• http://www.epa.gov/otaq/consumer/04-ozone.pdf Automobiles and Ozone
• http://www.chevron.ca/FAQs/FAQsGasolines.htm Introduction to Gasoline
• http://www.citgo.com/FAQ_Section/bot.asp Introduction to Gasoline
• http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_statistics/ National Transportation Statistics
• http://www.ncpa.org/~ncpa/oped/bartlett/feb2497.html Car Trends
• http://www.epa.gov/nonroad/ Nonroad Vehicles
• http://www.spinglass.net/scooters/twostroke.html 2-Stroke Engines
• http://www.holdfastmac.com.au/howengines.html 2-Stroke vs. 4-Stroke Engines
• http://www.commondreams.org/news2000/0717-07.htm Ships and Air Pollution

UV (Ultraviolet Radiation)

• http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/ozone/ozatmo.html Physics of UV
• http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/Flagstaff/science/uv.htm Overview
• http://www.nas.nasa.gov/Services/Education/Resources/TeacherWork/Ozone/UV.radiation.html Overview Broadband UV
• http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/uvindex/activities/background_e.html UV trends in Canada
• http://www.yesinc.com/education/intro-uvb.html UV-B and Ozone Depletion
• http://www.epa.gov/ozone/defns.html#uv Definition of UV from Ozone Depletion Glossary
• http://www.bmayer.de/thceff.html UV and clouds
• http://www.gcrio.org/UNEP1998/UNEP98p73.html UV and clouds
• http://www.tkglass.com/improve/compare/compare.html UV and windows
• http://www.epa.gov/sunwise/uvindex.html UV Index